Tsvina yepurasitiki idambudziko rakadaro iroZvinokonzera mafashamaMune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika. Sevapurasitiki mapurasitiki havarase nyore nyore, kusvibiswa kwepurasitiki kunogona kuvhara nzizi dzese. Kana ikasvika pagungwa inoguma nekukurakuyerera marara matanda.

Muchibodzwa kuti ubatane nedambudziko repasi rose rekusvibiswa kwepurasitiki, vaongorori vakagadzira mapurasitiki ekusvibisa pasi mushure mekuvhenekerwa kwezuva. zvinhu zvekusarudza.

MukatiPepa rakaburitswaMubhuku reAmerican Chemical Chemical Sosaiti

Masayendisiti akashandisa nuclear magineti resiction

Bio-based? Kudzokorodza? BioDogradable? Nhungamiro yako yekuchengetedza mapurasitiki

Nekutsigira kwakakwirira pane munhu wese arenta uye tekinoroji kufambira mberi nekukurumidza, nyika yemapurasitiki iri kuchinja. Izvi ndizvo zvaunoda kuziva nezvematare epurasitiki emazuva ano - uye dzimwe nguva zvinovhiringidza terminology,

Tsvina yepurasitiki yave kunetseka kwepasirese.Anenge mazana mana emamiriyoni emamiriyoni ematani anogadzirwa pasi rese gore rega rega, nepo79 muzana yeyese yepurasitiki tsvina yakambogadzirwa yakaguma mumarara kana semarara munzvimbo dzakatarwa.

Asi zvakadiniko nezvedurastics nyowani, dzakawanda kwazvo purasitiki - vangatibatsira kubata nepurasitiki tambo dambudziko? Chii chinonzi mazwi bio-based, biodegradable plastics zvinorehwa chaizvo, uye vangatibatsira sei kuwana chinzvimbo chekuda chinzvimbo uye chicheka zvinodiwa nemafuta asina kuchena muhurongwa hwekugadzira plassics?

Isu tichakutora iwe kuburikidza nemamwe mazwi akajairika anoenderana nezvirimwa zvakaringana uye uvhure chokwadi chiri kumashure kweumwe neumwe.

Bioplastics - mapurasitiki ayo ari bio-based kana biodegradable kana ese ari maviri

Bioplastics ishoko rinoshandiswa kureva mapurasitiki ayo ari bio-based, biodegradable, kana kukwana zvese zviri zviviri maitiro.

Mukupesana nenhapwa dzechinyakare dzakagadzirwa kubva kune fossil-based feedstock,Bio-based mapurasitiki akazara kana chikamu chakagadzirwa kubva kune imwe yekuvandudza chikafuinotorwa kubva kune biomass. Inowanzoshandiswa zvishandiso zvekugadzira izvi zvekugadzira purasitiki yekugadzirwa kwepurasitiki inosanganisira chibage chechibharo, mheremalose, uye anowedzera mafuta akasiyana siyana uye mafuta kubva kune mamwe mafuta ezvinyorwa. Iwo mazwi 'bioplastics' uye 'bio-based purastics' inowanzoshandiswa zvichinzverana naivhu asi hazvireve chinhu chimwe chete.

Biodegradable PurasitikiMapurasitiki ane midziyo ine manyorosi anokwanisa kuiswa nemabhakitirani pakupera kwehupenyu hwavo pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu epakatiripo. Haasi ese bio-based mapurasitiki ari biodegradable nepo mamwe mapurasitiki akagadzirwa kubva kune fossil mafuta ari exic.

Bio-based - mapurasitiki ayo ane zvikamu zvinogadzirwa kubva kune biomass

Mapurasitiki ayo ari bio-based ari chikamu kana chakaitwa zvachose kubva pazvinhu zvakagadzirwa kubva kune biomass panzvimbo yezvinhu zvakatsvuka-kubva pane zvekushandisa. Vamwe vane biozozungugiro asi vamwe havasi.

Muna 2018, 2,61 mamirioni ematani e bio-based mapurasitiki akagadzirwa pasi rese,Zvinoenderana neiyo Institute ye bioplastics uye biocomposite (ifbb). Asi izvo zvichiri zvisingasviki 1% yemusika wepasi rose wepasi rose. Sezvo kudikanwa kwepurasitiki kuri kuramba kuchikura, saka kudikanwa kwemamwe mimwe nzvimbo dzekusimbisa mapurasitiki ekugadzirisa. Magungano akajairika-akavakirwa-purasitiki anogona kutsiviwa neyekudonha-muPurasitiki - bio-yakavakirwa zvakafanana. Izvi zvinogona kubatsira kuderedza iyo kabhoni tsoka dzechigadzirwa chechigadzirwa chichava humwe hunhu hwechigadzirwa - kusimba kwayo kana kusarudzika, semuenzaniso, ramba zvakadaro.

Polyhydroyielkanoate kana pha, inzira yakajairika yebhasitiki bio-based purasitiki, parizvino yaimboita kurongedza nemabhodhoro, semuenzaniso, semuenzaniso, semuenzaniso, semuenzaniso, semuenzaniso, semuenzaniso, semuenzaniso, semuenzaniso, semuenzaniso, semuenzaniso, semuenzaniso, semuenzaniso, semuenzaniso, semuenzaniso, semuenzaniso, semuenzaniso, semuenzaniso, semuenzaniso, semuenzaniso, semuenzaniso, semuenzaniso, semuenzaniso, semuenzaniso, semuenzaniso, semuenzaniso, semuenzaniso. ZviriYakagadzirwa neyemaindasitiri Ferementation kana imwe bactia yakadyiwa shuga kana mafutakubva pamitero yakadai sebeets, shuga nzimbe, chibage kana mafuta emiriwo. Asi zvisingadiwe kunze,senge marara ekubika oiri kana molasses iyo inosara mushure mekugadzira shuga, inogona kushandiswa seyimwe yekudya chikafu, kusunungura zvirimwa zvekudya zvevamwe zvinoshandiswa.

Sekudikanwa kwepurasitiki kuri kuramba uchikura, huwandu hwakawandisa hwe bio-based mapurasitiki apinda mumusika uye unofanira kuramba uchishandiswa seimwe nzira

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Dzimwe bio-based mapurasitiki, dzakadai sekudonha-mumapurasitiki ane zvakafanana zvemakemikari zvivakwa uye zvivakwa kune zvakajairika mapurasitiki. Aya mapurasitiki haasi biozambi, uye anowanzoshandiswa mune zvekushandisa umo kudiwa kunodiwa chinhu chaunoda.

Bio-based peturu, iyo inogadzirwa pamwe kubva kuimba yeiyo organsic comelyani Glycol inowanikwa muzvirimwa, inoshandiswa mune zvakawanda zvigadzirwa zvakadai seMabhodhoro, motokari yemotokari uye magetsi. Sekuda kwevatengi kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakasarudzika dzinowedzera,Musika wePurasitiki iyi unotarisirwa kukura ne10.8% kubva muna 2018 kusvika 2024, yakaiswa gore rimwe nerimwe.

Bio-based Polypropylene (pP) imwe yekudonha-muPurasitiki iyo inogona kushandiswa kugadzira zvigadzirwa semacheya, midziyo nemakapeti. Mukupera kwa 2018,kutengeserana kwekutengesa kugadzirwa kweBio-based pp kwakaitika kekutanga,ichigadzira kubva pamarara uye nemafuta akasara, sekushandiswa kwemafuta ekubika.

BioDogradable - Purasitiki iyo inogadzirisa pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu

Kana iyo epurasitiki iri biodegradable, zvinoreva kuti inogona kuora kuora pasi pemamwe mamiriro ekunze uye kana kuisanzwisisika nemvura, biomass uye methane, zvichienderana neAerobic kana aerobic mamiriro ezvinhu. Biodegradation hachisi chiratidzo cheBio-yakavakirwa zvemukati; Panzvimbo iyoyo, yakabatana neye molecular chimiro chepurasitiki. Kunyangwe vazhinji bioderable mapurasitiki ari bio-based,Dzimwe bioderable plastiki dzinogadzirwa kubva ku fossil mafuta yakavakirwa chikafu.

Izwi rekuti bioDigradable rinokambaira sezvo risingadarokutsanangurwa nguvakana nharaunda yekusaora. Mapurasitiki mazhinji, kunyangwe vasiri-biohandura, vachasvibisa kana vakapihwa nguva yakakwana, semuenzaniso mazana emakore. Ivo vachaputsa kuita zvidimbu zvidiki izvo zvinogona kusingaonekwi neziso remunhu, asi ramba uripo semicolplastics mumamiriro ezvinhu akatikomberedza.Mukupesana, vazhinji bioderable purassics icha biodegrade muCo2, mvura uye biomass kana ikapihwa nguva yakakwanapasi pemamiriro ezvinhu epakatipota. Inoyambira izvozvoRuzivo rwakadzamaPamusoro pekutora kapurasitiki kwenguva yakareba sei kuti biodegrade, mwero we biodegradation uye zvinodiwa zvemamiriro ezvinhu zvinofanirwa kupihwa zviri nani kuongorora zviri nani zvinyorwa zvezvakatipoteredza. Purasitiki inoshamisa, rudzi rwepurasitiki welasiriki, zviri nyore kuongorora sezvo zvichifanira kusangana nezvematsanangudzo kuti akwanise kunyora chinyorwa.

Composticable - mhando yeiyo biodegradable plastiki

Purasitiki inoshamisa ndiyo subset yeiyo biohandura plastiki. Pasi pemamiriro ekumanikidza, yakaputsika nehutachiona muCo2, mvura uye biomass.

Zvemapurasitiki kusimbiswa seyakawiriranwa, inofanira kusangana nezvimwe zviyero. MuEurope, zvinoreva kuti mune anguva yemavhiki gumi nemaviri, 90% yepurasitiki inofanira kuora muzvimedu zvisingasviki 2mmmuhukuru mumamiriro ezvinhu akadzora. Inofanira kunge iine mwero wakaderera emasimbi anorema kuitira kuti irege kukuvadza ivhu.

Composticable plasticsinoda kutumirwa kunzvimbo yeindasitiri uko kupisa uye zvinyoro zvemamiriro ezvinhu zvinoshandiswakuitira kuti ive nechokwadi chekusvibiswa. PHT, semuenzaniso, is a fossil yekupa mari yekushanduka inoshandiswa kugadzira mabhegi marara, makapu emarara uye kurongedza firimu uye kune biodegradable muzvirimwa zvinokonzeresa.

Mapurasitiki anotyora pasi munzvimbo dzakavhurika senge mumakomba emhuri kazhinji akaoma kuita. Phas, semuenzaniso, kukodzera bhiri asi haina kushandiswa zvakanyanya kubvaIvo vanodhura kuti vagadzire uye maitiro acho anononoka uye akaoma kuyera kumusoro. Zvisinei maChemist ave achishanda pakuvandudza izvi, semuenzaniso nekushandisaChinyorwa chemakemikari chemakemikari-Chinhu chinobatsira kuwedzera chiyero cheMakemikari maitiro.

Dzokorora - Kutendeuka kwePurasitiki muzvitsva zvigadzirwa neicho mechancal kana makemikari zvinoreva

Kana mapurasitiki anodzokororwa, zvinoreva kuti inogona kuzvitutumidzwa kurima yeindasitiri uye yakashanduka kuita zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinobatsira. Mhando dzinoverengeka dzemapurasitiki akajairwa dzinogona kugadzirwazve michina - iyo inowanzoitika mhando yekudzokororwa.Asi yekutanga yepasi rose kuongororwa kwenzvimbo dzese dzepurasitiki dzakambogadzirwaAkawana kuti 9% chete yepurasitiki yakagadzirwazve sezvo zvinyorwa zvakatanga kubudiswa anenge makumi matanhatu emakore apfuura.

Mechancal kudzokororainosanganisira shredding uye inonyungudutsa marara epurasitiki uye ichichinjisa kuita mapepa. Aya mapepa anobva amboshandiswa sechinhu chakabikwa kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvitsva. Mhando yepurasitiki inokatyamadza panguva yekuita; Naizvozvo chidimbu chepurasitikiinogona kungodzoreredzwa nemakwenzi mashoma nhamba yenguvazvisati zvasakwanira seyakarukwa. Mapurasitiki matsva, kana 'mhandara yepurasitiki', saka inowanzo kuvhenganiswa neplastiki yakagadzirwazve isati yashandurwa kuita chigadzirwa chitsva kubatsira kusvika kune yaunoda huwandu hwemhando. Kunyangwe ipapo, muchina anodzoserwa mapurasitiki haana kukodzera kune zvese zvinangwa.

Chemakemikari yakagadzirwazve plastiki inogona kutsiva mhandara fossil yemafuta yakavakirwa zvinyorwa zvekushandisa mukugadzirwa kwepurasitiki matsva

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Kumakemikari Kudzokorora. Izvo zvinowanzobatanidza zvingangoita uye / kana zvakanyanya tembiricha kuputsa epurasitiki uyeinogona kuiswa kune yakafara shoma yemarara emapurasitiki achienzaniswa nemakaniki ekugadzirisa. Semuenzaniso, mafirimu epurasitiki ane akawanda marita kana zvimwe zvinosvibisa hazvigone kugadziriswazve asi zvinogona kugadziriswa nemakemikari.

Iyo zvigadzirwa zvemidziyo zvakasikwa kubva papurasitiki marara mune yemakemikari yekugadzirisa maitiro anogona kushandiswakutsiva mhandara isina kuchena mafuta yakavakirwa zvishandiso zvekushandisa mukugadzirwa kwetsva, yepamusoro-mhando mapurasitiki.

Chimwe chezvakanaka zvekudzokororwa zvemakemikari ndewekuti iko kusimudzira maitiro ayo mhando yemhando yemapurasitiki haina degrade yakambonyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana panguva yemhando dzakasiyana dzekudzokorora. Purasitiki inokonzeresa inogona kushandiswa kugadzira huwandu hwakawanda hwezvigadzirwa zvinosanganisira midziyo yezvikafu uye zvinhu zvekushandisa zvekurapa uye zvine hutano zvinobatsira kuchengetedzwa kwechigadzirwa.